Karl Marx Essays (640 words) - Socialism, Marxism,

Karl Marx Karl Marx was a believer in an inevitable revolution between capitalists, and the workers employed in their industries. He claimed that the actual cost of any product is simply the price of material and most importantly, the labor employed to build it. However, the owner of the industry does no labor in creating the product, but rather buys a laborer and sells the results of that man?s work. What he refused to accept, was the fact that the owners would sell the product for more than he paid the laborer making it. Marx therefore considered any profit or difference made in the sale, to be stolen from the worker. He anticipated that industrial owners would then begin to thicken their wallets by paying workers as little as possible, consequentially, causing his employees to become increasingly poor. Marx theorized that this increasing wealth of the capitalist, along with the increasing poverty of the workers, would eventually cause a revolution. As in all societies, individuals are placed into social classes. They are informally separated into these classes by means of their income, and worth to the society. The higher classes are capitalists who most likely inherited monies, and thus are considered to be more important than peasants or laborers. Peasants and laborers are then classified by their wealth (or lack of), which is directly proportional to their importance in the industry. Peasants are considered to be unimportant, and therefore are placed at the bottom of the social ladder. While laborers, although replaceable, are believed to be slightly more important, thus they are placed on a rung just above that of the peasants. The individuals in these classes become aware of their identities and interests, by socializing with other individuals who are considered to be in the same class. ?The mode of production of material life determines the social, political and intellectual life process in general. But it is not the consciousness of men that determines their social being, but on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness? The majority of the time, these classes to not mix or join together. However, in certain extreme cases, when all social classes are threatened, they will unite as one to fight the outside force.?(pg. 160) ?The bourgeoisie finds itself involved in a constant battle. At first with the aristocracy; later on, with those portions of the bourgeoisie itself, whose interests have become antagonistic to the progress of industry; at all times with the bourgeoisie of foreign countries. In all these battles it sees itself compelled to appeal to the proletariat, to ask for its help, and thus, to drag it into the political arena. The bourgeoisie itself, therefore supplies the proletariat with its own elements of political and general education, in words, it furnishes the proletariat with weapons for fighting the bourgeoisie.? (pg. 214) Capitalism is only feasible in a free society, where one man is allowed to acquire as much property as he desires. Therefore, the political action taken by the capitalist is extremely important. The rich will forever have more control over government because they control the majority of the money running the government. While the poor have to rally together and choose between, allowing the government to be run by the rich capitalists, or taking action themselves. If they choose to fight then they need to come together as a strong unit and demand even distribution of money as well as governmental control of industry. Thus, they need to instill a ?communistic? government. During periods of class conflict it would seem that states do become more democratic. This is due to the fact that individuals in their respective classes rally behind one another to make a difference. They discover that there is power in number and unless they ban together, change will not occur Bibliography Sociology Essays

Bach and Handel Beethoven essays

Bach and Handel Beethoven essays Johann Sebastian Bach and George Friderick Handel were two of the most important composers of the Baroque Period. Compare and contrast their lives and sacred musical works studied in class. Johann Sebastian Bach and George Friderick Handel are two of the most important composers of the Baroque period. Born only one month apart both in Germany. Handel lived nine more years than Bach. Coming from the same period the two composers have many qualities that are alike and some unlike. These qualities include the time frames of their childhood, adult hood and later years as well as a comparison between two sacred musical pieces. Bach and Handel, though both born in Germany only one month apart, they came from different family lifestyles. George Handel did not come from a musical family, his father wanted him to study law. By age 9, his talent was too obvious and began to study with a local organist and composer. Whereas Johann Bach came from a long line of musicians. Four of his own sons became composers. Bach also started as an organist and composer, but as a church organist. At the age of 18 Handel went to Hamburg and became a violinist and a harpsichordist in the orchestra. In the meantime Bach was a court conductor for the Prince of Cothen, it was his first position that was not involved in the church or organ music. Bach later became a director of must at St. Thomas church where he stayed for the next 27 years. At the age of 21 Handel was successfully producing operas. He later went to Italy where he associated with famous musicians and princes. Handel became knows as Englands most important composer. Bach was not considered the greatest composer of his day, but he was recognized as the greatest organist and harpsichordist. Handel wrote suites, organ concertos, concerti grossi but mostly oratorios and Italian operas. Bach wrote all forms of Baroque music, all exc...

MARKETING PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MARKETING PLANNING - Essay Example What demographics lay waiting for the product launch? What such developments and trends effect the possibilities or eventual life of the product in question? And what answers to all these stated complexities has the company planned to take? These questions eventually merge into the economic chapter with questions such as the development and effect of prices, savings and the general trend of people and society has taken and its effects. Are potential factors of production, inclusive of the natural resources as well as capital and labor within the reach of the company so as to expand considerably? Do any of its decisions pose a legal threat or complication? The eventual effect of technology is another factor. Is the technology available adjustable or a new and expensive capital investment is necessary. If so, is it too expensive for the cost-push inflation effects to discourage its life as a commodity? Does if have influences or is victim to being influenced by political or cultural co mplications? And lastly the market structures are analyzed. The customers and their reactions and trends towards similar or new innovative products considered. The size of the markets, the type and the profits analyzed. What about significant competition and the resulting cut in prices? The facilitators and marketing firms, the suppliers and indeed the distribution and dealers considered. Only then, after such a study, is a product, truly launched (Dibbs and Simkin, 2008). The main problem that Sky faces in order to launch its services to a broader audience is, simply put, the different components that can promise a success. First and foremost, the 3D audience that Sky wishes to capture is basically the ones who own HD televisions in the Europe, amounting to around 12 million households. These customers, already getting accustomed to their new and expensive HD sets, are less likely to appreciate further funding into

Asian Financial Crisis and Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asian Financial Crisis and Globalisation - Essay Example Therefore this paper investigates the possible causes, contagions and effects of the Asian financial crisis with regard to globalization. The list of potential causes of the crisis is long but a short list would include: the futile attempts of the governments to keep their currencies at artificially high levels, massive overinvestment by various corporations funded by excessive borrowing, government ability to direct banking systems and decisions of lending, crony capitalism, lack of transparency, inadequate financial regulations and supervision, rigidity of labor markets and pronounced mismatch of assets and liabilities in both the corporate and banking sectors (Agà ©nor 1999; Walker 1998). However, the most important causes to the current Asian crises include the low corporate profits and unwillingness of the policy makers to relinquish control. The governments’ directive to the banking systems and the corporate governance structures to increase their sizes and market shares resulted in systematic overinvestment and sharp declines in corporate profitability. Besides decreasing the overall value of most countries in Asia, the shrinking profits weakened the banking sector that most firms rely on for funding (Walker 1998). The government interventions in the currency markets have led to high reductions in the value of currency of most countries in Asia (Rotblat 2001). For instance, when the currency of Thailand (the baht) was overvalued, the government failed to allow an orderly depreciation but fought the market forces because it thought it had enough foreign exchange reserves and wanted to avoid the high political costs associated with the devaluation of baht. With this move, the baht was finally allowed to float and its value fell. Contagion refers to the spread of a financial crisis from one institution to

John Stuart Mills Theories On Liberty

John Stuart Mills Theories On Liberty John Stuart Mill was one of the foremost liberal theorists of the 19th century, binding modern and classical liberalism in his ideas. His defence of liberty however, has been greatly contested by traditionalist views but also highly defended by revisionist views as will be examined in his paper On Liberty (1859). Mills belief in individualism through utilitarian ethics appears contradictory and highly debated. His harms principle and his assumptions on human nature also submit to controversial views. On one hand, traditionalists condemn Mill as a highly inconsistent thinker and his work On Liberty very critical in itself, but on the other hand, revisionists see Mill as a consistent thinker who naturally refines and develops pre-existing liberal ideas. J.S. Mills father, James Mill, was a strong utilitarian theorist  [1]  . His beliefs along with the utilitarianism works of British philosopher Jeremy Bentham had a huge influence on J.S. Mill growing up  [2]  . In Mills essay On Liberty, we can examine how his defence of individualism with utilitarian contentions create critical views. Mill believes in the ethic of utilitarianism in that the state and individuals ought to be judged by their ability and action to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people  [3]  , however as traditionalists see it, attaining the utmost social good involves forfeiting certain individuals and sacrificing their happiness  [4]  , because happiness of a majority is greater than the happiness of a few individuals. Thus, the rudiment of utilitarianism is in dispute with Mills beliefs in individuality and self-development. In On Liberty, Mill defends freedom of the individual against tyranny of the majority  [5]  where dominant groups, more so the dominance of public opinion, inhibits lesser individuals  [6]  . Mills objection to the majority of society excluding the minority contradicts his utilitarian ethic. 19th Century English critic James Fitzjames Stephen condemns Mills endeavour to defend individual liberty from a utilitarian viewpoint by arguing that, if the fundamental value for utilitarianism is to effectively enhance happiness of a society to the greatest extent, then a consistent utilitarian policy of social betterment will not be especially tender toward individual liberty  [7]  , the interest of the majority outweigh the rights of the individual minority. Stephen views that utilitarian principles pursues social welfare through restricting opinions of some members of society  [8]  and that individualism cannot be viewed with a utilitarian ethic J.S. Mill attempts to do. On the other hand, revisionists argue that such traditionalist views are misinterpreted and that Mills contradictions with utilitarianism is a natural development of his utilitarian predecessors achievements  [9]  and his work not entirely incoherent. In Rem B. Edwards view, Mill is a minimizing utilitarian and that the principle of utility does not impose on individuals the moral obligation to maximize utility  [10]  , but focuses on happiness alone as the ultimate standard of value governing all human areas of practice.  [11]  In On Liberty, Mill regards utility as the ultimate appeal on all ethical questions; but it must be utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of a man as a progressive being.  [12]  That is to say, Mills believes that utilitarianism is principle of the higher pleasures, and that freedom of choice, reflective thought and active imagination is a vital ingredient to human happiness.  [13]  For Mill, diversity of opinio n leads to positive social good, therefore overlooking the minority and silencing their opinions deprives the human race, posterity as well as the existing generation.  [14]  For revisionists, Mill as a utilitarian is not essentially inconsistent if he knowingly sacrifices some utility for the sake of a fair distribution of the utility that remains.  [15]   J.S. Mills notorious principle of liberty, the harms principle has also been disputed by traditionalist and revisionist views. In chapter four of On Liberty, Mill argues that peoples actions ought not to be as free as opinions and should be limited if they are a nuisance to other people  [16]  . He states that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.  [17]  Traditionalist criticizes Mills harm principle because Mill leaves room to suggest that it would be acceptable to limit liberty anytime if it could harm society in anyway. By making harm to others a legitimate reason for state interference, the legitimate powers of the state could extend and outweigh the need to value individuality.  [18]   Another traditionalist indictment against Mills principle of liberty is towards his account that actions should only be restricted if those actions are other-regarding and effect other people, and not if those actions are self-regarding, which affect only the individual themselves and therefore should be exercised with absolute freedom  [19]  . The traditionalist criticize that we cannot clearly distinguish between the two actions Mill propose, as it is inevitable that peoples actions affect others because people are not entirely secluded, therefore in theory any individual act can cause harm to others. As Fitzjames Stephen puts it, I think that the attempt to distinguish between self-regarding acts and acts which regard others, is like an attempt to distinguish between acts which happen in time and acts which happen in space. Every act happens at some time and in some place, and in like manner every act that we do either does or may affect both ourselves and others. I think, the refore, that the distinction (which, by the way, is not at all a common one) is altogether fallacious and unfounded.  [20]   In response to traditionalist criticism, revisionists attempt to clarify self-regarding acts and other-regarding acts. In J.C. Reeses essay, A Re-reading of Mill on Liberty, he distinguishes other-regarding actions to affect other peoples interests in their moral rights, that of liberty and security.  [21]  Therefore, the harm to others implied in On Liberty refers to the harm of an individuals moral interests, resulting in injustice towards the individual.  [22]  As such, revisionist argue that self-regarding actions can be clearly distinguished from other-regarding actions and support Mills harm principle in that actions can be restricted if they are injurious to the moral rights of security and liberty of other people. The significant notion about human nature Mill makes in On Liberty, is how people can best understand and learn about their own opinions and activities from accepting challenging and opposing opinions and arguing against them. One can only faithfully understand their opinion by defending it.  [23]  This belief, based on the social utility of the individual is significantly disputed by traditionalists who argue people may not be able to best understand their opinions and values from dissent. For example, people who have different vocabulary for discussing moral and political issues may simply argue past each other, rather than challenge opposing opinions and therefore a diversity of opinions may not be socially beneficiary as it cannot increase utility, or happiness, which Mill defends as the essence of liberty.  [24]  Mills claim about the need for dissent in order to truly understand ones own opinions is hereby less convincing. It is easy to see how J.S. Mills defence of liberty is highly contentious in views. As explained in this essay, Mills prominent works such as On Liberty, gather traditionalist criticism as well as revisionist support. While traditionalists criticize Mills defence of liberty from a utilitarian ethic, revisionists encourage us to respect Mills work as a distinct process of developing liberalism. Mill refuses to accept fully the utilitarian principles inherited from his father and Bentham, nor reject them for his belief in individual sovereignty  [25]  , but rather attempts to settle the two antagonistic viewpoints to defend liberty.

Unity in diversity Essay

Unity in diversity is easy to talk but impossible to achieve in a country like India. India is secular country meaning in India every single religion has equal rights. With the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976,[3] the Preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation. However, neither India’s constitution nor its laws define the relationship between religion and state. In spite of secularism India is lacking in â€Å"Unity†. Unity means the state of being united or joined as a whole. Unity in diversity is a concept of â€Å"Unity without uniformity and diversity without fragmentation†. In India there are a vast no. of diversities i.e. Physical Diversities, Racial Diversities, Linguistic Diversities and the main Religious Diversities. In India, there are people of different physique like some are small whereas some are tall, some are black and some are white, etc. India is a subcontinent where in early times a lot of different races came and get settled like Aryans and Persians. decrease In India, people spoke 780 different types of languages making it one of the most linguistic country. India is a land of multiple religions. We find here followers of various faiths, particularly of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism. But, the thing because of which it is merely impossible for India to Unite is the thinking of the people of different religions. In Hinduism, the cow is regarded as a sacred animal and killing of cow is treated as anti-Hindu. On the other hand, in Islam there is no such thing as cow being sacred and therefore becoming anti-Hindu. This thing in turn makes both Hindus and Muslims enemy. And where there is enmity, there is no unity. On the other hand, there are many fights over the topic â€Å"Sacred Religion†. Hindu thinks their religion is more sacred than Islam whereas Muslims thinks their religion is more sacred than Hinduism. This thinking starts the conflict between Hindu and Muslims. Not only this when there were some chances of people of the same religion coming in Unity. People started caste system. According to caste system, Indian society is divided into three castes: General, OBC (other backward castes), SC (scheduled caste). This also helps diversity to spread in India, by dividing The people of the same religion. For India to become united, I think first of all caste system should be abolished. Indians should take lessons from Indian past where a Catholic lady steps aside from becoming a Prime Minister for a Sikh †¦ and where a Sikh is sworn in as a Prime  Minister by a Muslim President †¦ to govern a nation of over 80% Hindus. In the end I would say that we must think ourselves as human and respect each other. Only then we will be able to achieve Unity.

Requisition and Distribution Flow in the Army

REQUISITION AND DISTRIBUTION FLOW STAMIS STandard Army Management Information System SARSS —Standard Army Retail Supply System PBUSE —Property Book Unit Supply Enhanced SAMS-E —Standard Army Maintenance System-Enhanced ULLS-A —Unit Level Logistics System-Aviation SAAS —Standard Army Ammunition System SARRSS Standard Army Retail Supply System (SARSS) * A Combat Service Support peacetime and wartime logistics system. * Used for the following classes of supply * Class II * Class III(P) * Class IV * Class VII * Class IX SARSS * Action: You go to the Company Supply Sergeant for help. He tells you the item is a Class II item, and he inputs the requisition into PBUSE (Property Book Unit Supply Enhanced) * PBUSE sends the request to the SARSS-1, which is located in the Distribution Company, BSB * SARSS-1 looks at its inventory. * If item is on hand—Material Release Order * If not on hand, SARSS-1 queries other local SARSS-1 * If not locally available , requisition is passed up to SARSS 2AC/B * SARSS 2AC/B passes to SARSS-Gateway. * SARSS-Gateway passes to Source of Supply (Industry/Army Depot) LOGISTIC PACKAGE OPERATIONSThe LOGPAC technique is a simple, efficient, and most preferred way to accomplish routine replenishment operations LOGPACs are organized in the combined arms battalion support area (CABSA) by the company supply sergeant’s under the supervision of the FSC commander and the distribution platoon leader * Organized for each company/separate element in the battalion * Under the control of the FSC distribution platoon leader * A properly configured LOGPAC contains all the supplies needed to sustain a unit for a specified amount of time.LOGPACs normally occur every 24 hours, but can be changed based on mission or the current situation. * LOGPACs contain: Class I, II, III, and V as well as mail and replacement personnel * After the LOGPAC is configured, it moves forward as a march unit to a Logistics Release Point (LRP). Receiving unit representatives link-up with the LOGPAC at the LRP to conduct the resupply. LRPs are generally established by the Maneuver Battalion S-3. The primary delivery techniques used to deliver LOGPACs to customer units are: * Service Station Tailgate * The delivery time of LOGPACs is based on Pulse Operations. PULSE OPERATIONS Pulse Operations are preplanned pauses in battle rhythm that allow combat forces to replenish routinely, conduct movement of a force from the decisive operation zone to mission staging operation and redeployment to the decisive operation zone. Examples: * Combat Replenishment Operation (CRO) * Sustainment Replenishment Operation (SRO) Mission Staging Operation (MSO